The Analects outlined the four basic concepts of Confucian thought: 1) benevolence, love of humanity and the virtues of the superior man (jen) 2) moderation in all things (chung yung) harmony with nature (T'ien): 3) filial propriety, duty and the rules that define good social relationships (li) 4) and 5) the "rectification of names" or recognizing the nature of things by giving them their right names (cheng ming).
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If you govern them by moral influence, and keep them in order by a code of manners, they will have a sense of shame and will come to you of their own accord.”Ĭonfucius believed people should look to the past to gain insight into how to behave and said virtuous men should follow the examples of the great ancestors. The two major doctrines of Confucianism are: 1) zhong, based on the Chinese character that combines "heart” and "middle," meaning fidelity to oneself and humanity within and 2) shu, meaning cherish the heart as if it were one’s owner.Ĭonfucianism was a social code based on morality rather than laws: Confucius said: “If you govern by regulations and keep them in order by punishment, the people will avoid trouble but have no sense of shame. These ideas help explain why nepotism is so rampant, Japanese are so horrified by the way Westerners treat the elderly and the Japanese are more likely to mind their own business if they witness a great injustice being inflicted on a stranger.Ĭonfucianism stresses the importance of precedent and universal truths articulated by sages of the past and emphasizes self improvement. Love and respect are principals that were practiced more in the context of the family than in society and humanity as a whole and equality was not necessarily the goal of a just society. Links in this Website: JAPANESE PERSONALITY AND CHARACTER /Japan JAPANESE POLITENESS AND INDIRECTNESS /Japan JAPANESE SOCIAL LIFEį/Japan RICH IN JAPAN /Japan POOR IN JAPAN /Japan SOCIAL PROBLEMS AND SUICIDES IN JAPAN /Japan Confucianism and CharacterĬonfucianism is important in shaping character and society in Japan but not as important as it is China and Korea.Ĭonfucianism puts a strong emphasis and following teachers, superiors, family members and elders. Sites for Expats Japanable site for Expats That’s Japan Orient Expat Japan /japan-expat įoreign & Commonwealth Office Report on Japan /en/travel-and-living-abroad Student Guide to Japan Japan in Your Palm Good Websites and Sources: Google E-Book: Japan in the 21st Century, Environment, Economy and Society (2005) /books e-book: Japanese Society by Chie Nakane (1970) /books Wikipedia article on Nihonjinron Wikipedia Chapter on Nihonjinron Maintaining Identities 2004 Commentary on Ruth Benedict and the Chrysanthemum and the Sword /publications Bibliograpy of Japanese Society gakkai.ne.jp Essay on Age of the Middle Class Japan Echo, a Journal on Japanese Politics and Society “The Chrysanthemum and Sword” by Ruth Benedict is a classic book on the Japanese character and society but many think Benedict’s “ Patterns of Culture” is more representative of her theory in which culture is depicted as an intrinsic principal that “shapes the meaning of our lives” and argued that customs shape our perceptions and behavior and provide a “lens without which we cannot see at all.” Other classic books on the Japanese character and society include the “Vertical Society” by Chie Nakane, and “Bushido” by Inazo Nitobe. From an early age Japanese children are taught to do their best, persevere and suppress one’s own feeling for the benefit of the group. In Japan there is a reassuring rhythm of order and predictability. Japan is 7th in the world according to he global human development index. The collapse of lifetime employment, low birthrates, and the withdrawal of young adults from society is causing profound, fundamental changes in Japan that some experts have said are as profound as those in the United States in the 1960s and 70s. And all of this has meant that uniqueness had to be suppressed." Planting rice also required teams of people walking from row to row, as the same speed. Rice farming requires a lot of water, and water must be shared evenly by everyone. Nobel-prize winning chemist Hideki Shirakawa told the New York Times, "Fundamentally, Japanese culture is based on rice farming.
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